Breathing in other people's smoke, also called second-hand smoke, can cause cancer. Passive smoking can increase a non-smoker's risk of getting lung cancer by a quarter, and may also increase the risk of cancers of the larynx (voice box) and pharynx (upper throat).
Second-hand smoke can cause other health problems too, including heart disease, stroke and breathing problems. It’s estimated that, every year, second-hand smoke kills over 12,000 people in the UK from lung cancer, heart disease, stroke and the lung disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). How second-hand smoke affects children Second-hand smoke is particularly dangerous for children. Children exposed to passive smoke are at higher risk of respiratory infections, asthma, bacterial meningitis and cot death. Second-hand smoke has been linked to around 165,000 new cases of disease among children in the UK each year. For children, the majority of exposure to second-hand smoke happens in the home. Over 1 in 5 of children in the UK live in a household where at least one person smokes. Smoke can spread throughout the home, even if you open the windows. Almost 85% of tobacco smoke is invisible and smoke particles might also build up on surfaces and clothes, although the impact of this is not yet clear. If you are a smoker, smoking outside can help reduce your child’s exposure. Is smoking in cars bad for passengers’ health? Second-hand smoke can reach very high levels inside cars because it is a small enclosed space. During your journey, children in the backseat will be exposed to average smoke levels around three times the European recommended air pollution standard. But the level varies depending on how much you smoke, if you have all the windows fully open or air con on. Peak levels can reach as much as 35 times this recommended level. From 1 October 2015 it will be an offence to smoke in a vehicle carrying anyone under the age of 18 in England and Wales Does second-hand smoke contain dangerous chemicals? There are 2 types of tobacco smoke: Mainstream smoke, which is directly inhaled through the mouth end of the cigarette. Sidestream smoke, which comes from the burning tip of the cigarette. Second-hand smoke is made up of sidestream smoke and exhaled mainstream smoke, mixed with the surrounding air. Sidestream smoke is about 4 times more toxic than mainstream smoke, although people inhale it in a more diluted form. This is because sidestream smoke contains much higher levels of many of the poisons and cancer-causing chemicals in cigarettes, including: At least 3 times as much carbon monoxide 10-30 times more nitrosamines Between 15–300 times more ammonia source:http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/smoking-and-cancer/passive-smoking Questions: 1. What are the consequences of inhaling second-hand smoke? Second-hand smoke causes numerous health problems in infants and children, including more frequent and severe asthma attacks, respiratory infections, ear infections and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) 2. How should parents, who are smokers, protect their children from inhaling second-hand smoke? Parents should prevent smoking around their children e.g. in the house or in the car as it is a small and enclosed place where smoke particles can build up on surfaces and clothes, therefore children may inhale second-hand smoke. 3. What would be an effective way to educate parents on the dangers of smoking around their children? Workshops can be held to raise awareness of the dangers of secondhand smoking to parents who smoke around their children or put up posters with information about secondhand smoke to convince parents not to smoke around their children.
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How does the milk bottle highlight the issue of passive smoking? Milk bottles are used by younger children and babies and it shows that they are the ones who are affected when family members smoke as it affects their health negatively when inhaling secondhand smoke. How does the text "How many cigarettes a day your child smoke" convey the message of the effects of passive smoking on children? It is to let the reader realise that the number of cigarettes smoked by a parent is equivalent to the amount of smoke inhaled by the child |
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